Skip to Main Content

APA 7th Referencing

American Psychological Association, 7th edition

Images and artworks overview

These guidelines have been adapted and modified from the APA 7th Manual to suit the needs of Holmesglen students.

 

What images can I use?

Students are encouraged to use Creative Commons and/or Public Domain images. Check the list provided below.

Copyright images require explicit permission from the copyright holder. If you are uncertain whether or not an image is protected under copyright, please consult either a librarian or a Learning Skills teacher. 

Images/Artworks format

Finding images

The following links provide free images that you can use in your work. 

Please ensure that you continue to cite and reference any images you use (follow the instructions in the tabs above), with the exception of non-attribution images.

 

Further resources

Images from websites

 

Copyright-free images, non-attribution (e.g. Pixabay, Unsplash)

Copyright free images which state no attribution required, are safe to use without asking for permission. These do not require to be referenced. If appropriate, an image title or description can be added as a caption underneath.

Microsoft Office 365 stock images and clipart are treated the same and do not require a reference. For more information, see Office 365, Canva/Piktochart images/clipart tab.

Canva/Piktochart free stock photos, stickers and graphics are treated the same and do not require a reference. For more information, see Office 365, Canva/Piktochart images/clipart tab. 

 

Caption (optional)

Format Example

Title/Description

 

image of a hot air balloon

Hot air balloon 

Creative Commons images

Creative Commons is a licensing system that permits you to reuse an image in accordance with the terms of its agreement.

Visit the Smartcopying webpage to find CC licensed images.

  Format Example
Caption

Title (Author, Year, CC BY x.x)

OR

Adapted from Title (Author, Year, CC BY x.x)

image from night noodle market in Melbourne

Night noodle market in Melbourne (Phutully, 2013, CC BY 2.0)
In-text citation

(Author, Year)

OR

Author (Year)

... as seen in the palm trees (Phutully, 2013).  

OR

Phutully (2013) Night noodle market in Melbourne captures ...
Reference

Author, A.A. (Year). Title [Description]. Publisher. https://xxxxx

Phutully, C. (2013). Night noodle market in Melbourne [Photograph]. Wikimedia. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Night_Noodles_Market_(Melbourne)_(11082886276).jpg
Note:
  • Provide a link to the CC license in your caption (hyperlink text e.g., CC BY-SA 4.0).

Copyrighted images

Only use copyrighted images if you have explicit written permission from the copyright holder.

Include the copyright symbol © in front of the year. 

  Format Example
Caption

Title (Author, © Year)

OR

Adapted from Title (Author, © Year)

image of fireworks at Treasury Gardens

Fireworks at Treasury Gardens (Smith, © 2019)
In-text citation

(Author, Year) 

OR

Author (Year)

... highlighted in Fireworks at Treasury Gardens (Smith, 2019).  

OR

Smith (2019) utilises ...   
Reference

Author, A.A. (Year). Title [Description]. Publisher. https://xxxxx

Smith, J. (2019). Fireworks at Treasury Gardens [Photograph]. http://fireworks.smith.au

Source: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/clip-art-references

Images from databases

 

Caption

Format Example

Title (Author, © Year)

OR

Adapted from Title (Author, © Year)

image of water lilies at Melbourne Royal Botanic Gardens

Water lilies at the Melbourne Royal Botanic Gardens (Andrews, © 2019)

 

In-text citation

Format Example

... (Author, Year)

OR

Author (Year) ...

... is evoked by the colours (Andrews, 2019).

OR

Andrews (2019) evokes ...

 

Reference

Format Example

Author, A.A. (Year). Title [Description]. Publisher.

Andrews, J. (2019). Water lilies at the Melbourne Royal Botanic Gardens [Photograph]. Images R Us.
Note:
  • Publisher is the name of the database.

Images from books

 

Caption

Provide the copyright symbol in front of the year, to ensure you are recognising the copyright holder.  

Copyright information usually can be found on the Publications page of the book.

Provide page numbers in both the caption and in-text citation. 

Format Example

Title (Author, © Year, p. xx)

OR

Adapted from Title (Author, © Year, p. xx)

 

image of new sign for Holmesglen's Chadstone Campus

New sign for Chadstone campus, 1992 (Holmesglen Institute of TAFE, © 2002, p. 119)

 

 

In-text citation

Format Example

(Author, Year)

OR

Author (Year) 

... is depicted (Holmesglen Institute of TAFE, 2002, p. 119).

OR

Holmesglen Institute of TAFE (2009) depicts ... (p. 119).

 

Reference

Format Example
Creator, A. A. (Year of book). Title of image [Description]. In A. Author. Title of book (ed., p. xx). Publisher.

 

 Holmesglen Institute of TAFE. (2002). New sign for Chadstone campus, 1992 [Photograph]. In Building the future: A history of Holmesglen Institute (p. 119). 
Note:
  • Creator, A. A. is the creator of the image. If no specific name is credited, use the book's author(s).
  • In A. Author. Mention the author of the book only if it is different from the creator of the image/artwork. 
  • Leave out the Publisher if it is the same as the Author of the book. 
  • If no page numbers available, use the section instead formatted as s. x.x (e.g. s. 1.1).

Images from journals and newspapers

 

Caption

Place the copyright symbol in front of the year, to ensure you are recognising the copyright holder.

Provide page numbers in both the caption and in-text citation

Format Example

Title (Author, © Year, p. xx)

OR

Adapted from Title (Author, © Year, p. xx)

image of a cafe latte

Cafe latte served in a glass (Marsh & deBeauvoir, © 2019, p. 5)

 

In-text citation

Format Example

(Author, Year)

OR

Author (Year)

... is highlighted (Marsh & de Beauvoir, 2019, p. 5).

OR

Marsh and de Beauvoir (2019) visually highlight ... (p. 5).

 

Reference

  Format Example

Journal from a database

Where possible provide the DOI. If DOI is unavailable, provide URL of the journal's homepage. 

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of image [Description]. In Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume (Issue), Page-Page. https://doi.org/xx.xxx

 Marsh, A., & de Beauvoir, X. (2019). Cafe latte served in a glass [Photograph]. In The effect of Melbourne's cafe culture on international visitors. Journal of the Caffeine Commons, 9(21), 1-15. https://doi.org/00.0000

 

Newspaper article

Even if retrieving an article from a database, give the newspaper homepage URL.

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year, Month Day). Title of image [Description] In Title of article. Title of Newspaper. https://xxxxx

 Crosling, D. (2013, August 16). Rob Farquharson arrives at the Supreme court [Photograph]. In Boys in dam dad Robert Farquharson loses High Court bid. The Australian. https://www.theaustralian.com.au/

 

Images without titles, authors or dates

Create your own short, descriptive title based on the image. 

When the year cannot be located, use (n.d.) instead. 

 

Caption

Format Example

Descriptive title (Year)

OR

Adapted from Descriptive title (Year)

image of St. Kilda pier

St. Kilda pier (n.d.)

 

In-text citation 

Format Example

(Description of image, Year)

OR

Description of image (Year) 

... is shown in the image (St. Kilda pier, n.d.). 

OR

In the image St. Kilda pier (n.d.) ...

 

Reference

Format Example

Descriptive title [Description]. (Year). https://xxxxx

St. Kilda pier [Photograph]. (n.d.). https://www.NotaRealUrl.co

Screenshots

When using Google screenshots, please do not alter them (i.e. changing the colour or design of the page, or editing the information provided). 

Find out more information about Google's policy in regards to screenshot use. 

Find out about screenshot use of Microsoft products (e.g. MS Word). 

 

Format

Format Example

Title (Author, © Year)

screenshot of a Google map of Holmesglen Chadstone campus

Holmesglen Chadstone campus (Google Maps, 2019)

 

 

In-text citation

Format Example

(Author, Year)

... is shown (Google Maps, 2019). 

 

Reference

Format Example

Author, A.A. (Year). Title [Description]. https://xxxxx

Google Maps. (2019). Holmesglen Chadstone campus [Screenshot]. https://www.google.com.au/maps/

Referencing your own images

The format for citing your own images depends on whether or not the image is unpublished or published. 
 

Unpublished image

Published image

Includes images published on a blog or other forms of social media. 
Caption

image of Korean food in a restaurant

Korean dining (Smith, personal communication, 2019)
Caption

image of two coffees

Two coffees (Smith, © 2019)
Reference

If the image is unpublished, you do not need to include a reference. (See: Personal communications tab)
Reference

As the image is published, include it in the reference list.

Reference for an image from social media (e.g. blog, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram)

Format: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title [Photograph or Image]. Platform Name. https://xxxxx

Example: Smith, J. (2019, September 3). Two coffees [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/cafelation/

Images/Clipart from Office 365 (e.g. Word, PowerPoint)

Office 365 provides a tool within its apps to insert stock images/clipart (non-attribution), as well as a Bing image search (Web).

 

Stock images (including clipart and icons)Screenshot of Office 365 stock images menu

Images via the stock images option are provided to Office 365 users on a non-attribution license.
These do not require to be referenced.

If appropriate, an image title or description can be added as a caption underneath.

Note: These images are not permitted to be saved, used, or taken out of Office 365 apps. To be used only as part of a Word document, PowerPoint etc.

 

Caption (optional)

Format Example
Title/Description

 

[Office 365 stock image/clipart]

 
Human brain showing frontal cortex

 

Online picturesScreenshot of Office 365 online pictures menu

The online pictures option is an embedded Bing image search. It contains both non-attribution and Creative Commons images. Treat the image according to its type:

 

Images from Canva / Piktochart (photos, stickers and graphics)

Images via Canva (stated as free) are provided to users on a non-attribution license. 
These do not require to be referenced.

To check if an image is free, hover your mouse over the item then click the three dots icon in the right hand corner.


Images via Piktochart are also provided to users on a non-attribution license.
These do not require to be referenced.

 

Alternative sources of images

For further sources of copyright-free images, see the finding images tab.