There have been a range of updates to Holmesglen Harvard style including in-text citations, URLs, DOIs and some reference formats. Some of the main changes are listed here on this page.
For complete citation and reference formats, please refer to the appropriate resource type tabs within this guide.
| Change | Example | |
| In-text citations |
First and subsequent citations no longer used. Citations are the same format for every use.
Always separate authors with 'and' spelt out. Do not use '&' symbol. Page numbers for quotes are included after the year and separated by a colon. Do not use p. or pp. abbreviations before numerals.
|
(Meeking and Kovaci 2019). (Boxall et al. 2020:23). |
| Secondary source citations |
Include year of both the original author (if known) and source. |
(Low 2014 cited in Meeking et al. 2020). |
| Change | Example | |
| 3 or more authors |
All in-text citations: First author followed by et al. Reference: List all authors. |
(Robbins et al. 2020). Robbins, S, Judge, T, Edwards, M, Saniford, P, Fitzgerald, M and Hunt, J (2020) Organisational behaviour, 9th edn, Pearson, Melbourne, VIC. |
| Government agency as author, organisation or corporate author |
In-text citations: An abbreviated name may be used for government departments or an organisation widely known by their abbreviated name. Reference: If abbreviated name was used in-text, also ensure to include the agency's or organisation's full name in circular brackets. |
(DFAT 2017:3). (Fair Work Commission 2020). DFAT (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade) (2017) 2017 foreign policy white paper [white paper], DFAT, accessed 9 March 2022. Fair Work Commission (2020) Disputes at work: anti-bullying, Fair Work Commission website, accessed 9 March 2022. NMBA (Nursing and Midwifery Board Australia) (2021) COVID-19 guidance for nurses and midwives, NMBA website, accessed 10 March 2022. |
| Change | Example | |
| Year of publication | Year is placed in circular brackets. |
Robbins, S, Judge, T, Edwards, M, Saniford, P, Fitzgerald, M and Hunt, J (2020) Organisational behaviour, 9th edn, Pearson, Melbourne, VIC. |
| Change | Example | |
| URLs |
Hyperlink source title as per default hyperlink format:
A hyperlinked title should still be italicised. |
Fair Work Commission (2020) Disputes at work: anti-bullying, Fair Work Commission website, accessed 4 February 2022. |
| DOIs |
Format as doi:xx.xxxx. Use standard, unhyperlinked text and end with a full stop. |
doi:10.0000/3mp7y-537. |
| 'Viewed' statement |
Use the word 'accessed' instead. |
Toyota Motor Sales (2022) 2022 Avalon [brochure], Toyota, accessed 1 June 2022. |
| Change | Example | |
| Ebooks |
Mention of ebook platform no longer needed. Viewed date no longer needed. Title is hyperlinked to the source. |
Smith, M and Parker, M (2020) Nursing theories and nursing practice, 5th edn, FA Davis, Philadelphia. |
| Ejournals |
Viewed date no longer needed. Journal volume, issue and page numbers are formatted as Volume(Issue):Page-Page If available, include a DOI at the end of the reference. |
James-Kangal, N and Whitton, SW (2019) 'Conflict management in emerging adults' non-relationships', Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 8(2):63–76, doi:10.1037/cfp0000118. Reich, DB, Zanarini, MC and Fitzmaurice, G (2012) 'Affective lability in bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder', Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53(3):230-237.
|
| Web Sources, web pages and online documents |
Hyperlink title to the source instead of writing out URL. Use the word 'accessed' instead of 'viewed'. |
Nurse and Midwife Support (2017) Helping your employees and students, Nurse and Midwife Support website, accessed 19 November 2021. NMBA (Nursing and Midwifery Board Australia) (2021) COVID-19 guidance for nurses and midwives, NMBA website, accessed 5 May 2021. |