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Holmesglen Harvard Referencing

Social media, apps and AI format

Social media

 Please check with your teacher whether social media are considered acceptable sources to cite or not.

References may include:

 

Reference elements

Annotated reference example for social media

 

In-text citation

  Format Example
Paraphrase

(Author Year)

OR

Author (Year)

... the impact of peer support in mental health (Hillier 2024).

OR

Hillier (2024), SANE's peer support ambassador, recounts how peer support ... 
Quote

'...' (Author Year)

OR

Author (Year) '...' 

'... will help the next generation of nurses ...' (Holmesglen Institute 2025).

OR

Holmesglen Institute (2025) shares it '... will help the next generation of nurses ...'. 
Note:
  • Quotes for social media posts do not require a page number.
  • Omit an account's [@handle] for the author's name. e.g. Melbourne Cricket Ground [@mcg] Instagram account should be cited as (Melbourne Cricket Ground 2025).

 

Reference

  Format Example
Facebook, Instagram or LinkedIn post Author, AA or username as seen (Day Month Year)
Title of post [post type], 
Organisation or Social Media Page,
accessed Day Month Year.		 Holmesglen Institute (January 2025) 'This is not just a course. This will have real, tangible benefit for students and flow through to their careers.' [LinkedIn post], Holmesglen LinkedIn, accessed 31 January 2025.
Blog post Author, AA or username as seen (Day Month Year)
Title of post [post type], 
Organisation or Blog Name,
accessed Day Month Year.		 Hillier, T (24 October 2024) Finding hope in community: The role of peer support in recovery [blog post], The SANE Blog, accessed 30 January 2015. 
Note:
  • Post type: May include Facebook post, blog post, Instagram post etc.
  • Title is hyperlinked to the source's URL, formatted as per hyperlink default (blue, underlined text) and is italicised.
  • Provide the most exact date available.
  • Facebook stories or live streams are not retrievable or archived - they are to be treated as personal communications. 

Apps

Sources include apps and computer software.

Please check with your teacher whether or not apps are considered acceptable sources to cite.

 

Reference elements

Annotated reference example for a mobile application

 

In-text citation

Format Example

(Title of application Year)

OR

Title of application (Year)

... reflected in the population growth (ABS stats 2012).

OR

The ABS stats (2012) highlights key economic indicators ...

 

Reference

  Format Example
Mobile application Creator, CC (Year) Title of app, version x [mobile application], accessed Day Month Year. ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2012) ABS stats, version 2.2.2 [mobile application], accessed 17 July 2019. 
Note:
  • If you are unable to locate the copyright year, refer to the year it was last updated.
  • Title is hyperlinked to the source's URL(title in italics, version no), formatted as per hyperlink default (blue, underlined text).

AI tools (including ChatGPT)

AI includes artificial intelligence technologies that can create content, provide advice/ideas or problem solve. It is important to be aware of the limitations and ethical use of these tools – speak to your teacher, learning skills teacher or librarian for more information.

AI tools are to be treated as software and are cited both in-text and in the reference list.
 

 Only use AI as permitted and in the prescribed manner outlined in your assessment outline. 
You MUST seek permission from your teacher before using any AI tool as part of an assessment. Follow ALL other submission requirements (declaration statement, retain proof of interaction etc.) and ensure you correctly reference it.

Speak to your teacher to obtain a copy of any required AI declaration form or statement.

 

Reference elements


Annotated reference example for an AI tool
 

In-text citation

  Format

Example
AI
generated
text and information

(AI name Year)

OR

(AI name Year; see Appendix x for the full transcript)

... is defined by this concept (ChatGPT 2023).

OR

... environmental factors (ChatGPT 2023; see Appendix A for the full transcript).
AI
generated images

Caption

 

[AI image]

 

Image description (AI name Year)

Caption

AI image of teddy bear

Rainbow teddy with rose reading book in the Library (DALL·E 2022)
Note:
  • No page number(s) required when quoting AI.
  • If required to provide evidence of prompts used or full transcript, you can note this as part of your in-text citation (once per each AI output). Use the phrase see Appendix x for the full transcript after the year and separated by a semicolon. E.g. (Singtel Optus 2023; see Appendix B for the full transcript).

 

Reference

Format Example
AI Creator (Year) AI name, version [description], accessed Day Month Year.

 

OpenAI (2022) DALL-E, version 2 [multimodal large visual model], accessed 21 July 2023.

OpenAI (2023) ChatGPT, May 24 version [multimodal large language model], accessed 14 July 2023.

Singtel Optus (2023) Optus assistant [chatbot], accessed 9 May 2022.
Note:
  • Year is AI's version year of creation.
  • Version number is included if available and formatted according to software's numbering system (e.g. May 24 version, version 2, version 3.4 etc.).
  • Description is software type/model such as [multimodal large language model], [large language model], [multimodal large visual model], [chatbot] etc. If unsure, use the description [artificial intelligence tool].
  • URL hyperlinked to AI name (in italics) and version is the tool landing page. This is formatted as per hyperlink default (blue, underlined text).