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Holmesglen Harvard Referencing

Social media, apps and AI format

Social media

 Please check with your teacher whether or not social media is considered an acceptable source to cite.

 

Reference elements

Annotated reference example for social media

 

In-text citation

  Format Example
Paraphrase

(Author Year)

OR

Author (Year)

The rumour that Ebola has spread to Iraq is untrue (WHO 2015).

OR

WHO (2015) confirmed that the Ebola virus had not spread to Iraq. 
Quote

'...' (Author Year)

OR

Author (Year) '...' 

The tweet's exact words were, 'no #Ebola cases detected in #Iraq' (WHO 2015). 

OR

According to the WHO (2015) on Twitter, 'No #Ebola cases detected in #Iraq.' 
Note:
  • Quotes for social media posts do not require a page number.
  • The World Health Organization is known in its abbreviated form as WHO. Therefore it should be shortened to WHO (2015) or (WHO 2015). See: in-text citation formats for more information. 

 

Reference

  Format Example
Facebook post Author, AA or username as seen (Day Month Year)
Title of post [post type], 
Organisation or Facebook Page,
accessed Day Month Year.		 Andrews, D (5 November 2018) Under Labor, there will be no more apartments for ants [Facebook post], Dan Andrews MP, accessed 7 June 2019.
Tweet Author, AA or username as seen (Day Month Year)
Title of post [post type], 
Organisation,
accessed Day Month Year.		 WHO (World Health Organization) (7 January 2015) No #Ebola cases detected in #Iraq http://goo.gl/0wX7lu [tweet], WHO, accessed 7 June 2019.
Blog post Author, AA or username as seen (Day Month Year)
Title of post [post type], 
Organisation or Blog Name,
accessed Day Month Year.		 Becraft, K (24 May 2021) What is general ledger reconciliation? [blog post], BlackLine, accessed 7 June 2019. 

 

Note:
  • Post type: May include tweet, Facebook post, blog post, Tik Tok post etc.
  • Title is hyperlinked to the source's URL, formatted as per hyperlink default (blue, underlined text) and is italicised.

Apps

Sources include apps and computer software.

Please check with your teacher whether or not apps are considered acceptable sources to cite.

 

Reference elements

Annotated reference example for a mobile application

 

In-text citation

Format Example

(Title of application Year)

OR

Title of application (Year)

... reflected in the population growth (ABS stats 2012).

OR

The ABS stats (2012) highlights key economic indicators ...

 

Reference

  Format Example
Mobile application Creator, CC (Year) Title of app, version x [mobile application], accessed Day Month Year. ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2012) ABS stats, version 2.2.2 [mobile application], accessed 17 July 2019. 
Note:
  • If you are unable to locate the copyright year, refer to the year it was last updated.
  • Title is hyperlinked to the source's URL(title in italics, version no), formatted as per hyperlink default (blue, underlined text).

AI tools (including ChatGPT)

AI includes artificial intelligence technologies that can create content, provide advice/ideas or problem solve. It is important to be aware of the limitations and ethical use of these tools – speak to your teacher, learning skills teacher or librarian for more information.

AI tools are to be treated as software and are cited both in-text and in the reference list.
 

 Only use AI as permitted and in the prescribed manner outlined in your assessment outline. 
You MUST seek permission from your teacher before using any AI tool as part of an assessment. Follow ALL other submission requirements (declaration statement, retain proof of interaction etc.) and ensure you correctly reference it.

 

Reference elements


Annotated reference example for an AI tool
 

In-text citation

  Format

Example
AI
generated
text and information

(AI name Year)

OR

(AI name Year; see Appendix x for the full transcript)

... is defined by this concept (ChatGPT 2023).

OR

... environmental factors (ChatGPT 2023; see Appendix A for the full transcript).
AI
generated images

Caption

 

[AI image]

 

Image description (AI name Year)

Caption

AI image of teddy bear

Rainbow teddy with rose reading book in the Library (DALL·E 2022)
Note:
  • No page number(s) required when quoting AI.
  • If required to provide evidence of prompts used or full transcript, you can note this as part of your in-text citation (once per each AI output). Use the phrase see Appendix x for the full transcript after the year and separated by a semicolon. E.g. (Singtel Optus 2023; see Appendix B for the full transcript).

 

Reference

Format Example
AI Creator (Year) AI name, version [description], accessed Day Month Year.

 

OpenAI (2022) DALL-E, version 2 [multimodal large visual model], accessed 21 July 2023.

OpenAI (2023) ChatGPT, May 24 version [multimodal large language model], accessed 14 July 2023.

Singtel Optus (2023) Optus assistant [chatbot], accessed 9 May 2022.
Note:
  • Year is AI's version year of creation.
  • Version number is included if available and formatted according to software's numbering system (e.g. May 24 version, version 2, version 3.4 etc.).
  • Description is software type/model such as [multimodal large language model], [large language model], [multimodal large visual model], [chatbot] etc. If unsure, use the description [artificial intelligence tool].
  • URL hyperlinked to AI name (in italics) and version is the tool landing page. This is formatted as per hyperlink default (blue, underlined text).